Autoimmunity to tetraspanin-7 in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmunity

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the autoimmune response against pancreatic β cells. T1D is often complicated with other autoimmune diseases, and anti-islet autoantibodies precede the clinical onset of disease. The most common coexisting organ-specific autoimmune disease in patients with T1D is autoimmune thyroid disease, and its frequency is estimated at ...

Tolerance and Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes

Beneficial autoimmunity in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The trigger that leads to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is currently unknown. It is well established that the pathophysiology of the disease is biphasic. In the first stage, leukocytes infiltrate the pancreatic islets in a response that does not cause damage. In the second phase, which occurs only in diabetes-prone individuals and strains, autoreactive T cells acquire aggressive potential...

Identification of Tetraspanin-7 as a Target of Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes.

The presence of autoantibodies to multiple-islet autoantigens confers high risk for the development of type 1 diabetes. Four major autoantigens are established (insulin, glutamate decarboxylase, IA2, and zinc transporter-8), but the molecular identity of a fifth, a 38-kDa membrane glycoprotein (Glima), is unknown. Glima antibodies have been detectable only by immunoprecipitation from extracts o...

Echovirus Epidemics, Autoimmunity, and Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1D] results from the autoimmune destruction of insulinproducing beta cells triggered by environmental factors (Hyoty & Taylor, 2002; Jun & Yoon, 2003). Genetic predisposition accounts for 36-50% of disease susceptibility as demonstrated in monozygotic twin studies (Barnett et al., 1981; Hemminki et al., 2010; Redondo et al., 2001). Differences in the incidence of T1D ...